<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
	xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
	xmlns:wfw="http://wellformedweb.org/CommentAPI/"
	xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
	xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
	xmlns:sy="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/"
	xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/"
	>

<channel>
	<title>History of the St. Petersburg &#187; kremlin</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/tag/kremlin/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com</link>
	<description>Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject located in Northwestern Federal District of Russia on the delta of the Neva River at the east end of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea. Founded by Tsar Peter the Great on May 27, 1703 as a "window to Europe", it served as the capital of the Russian Empire for more than two hundred years. To really feel all the beauty and harmony of St. Petersburg's architecture one must stroll along the banks of the Neva, listen to the ripple of its waves, contemplate the city's buildings, the vistas of its quays and canals.Only then will the city on the Neva reveal itself in all its charm - the charm of the wonderful and inimitable City of Bridges.</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Mon, 06 Sep 2010 06:49:40 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<generator>http://wordpress.org/?v=2.9.2</generator>
	<language>en</language>
	<sy:updatePeriod>hourly</sy:updatePeriod>
	<sy:updateFrequency>1</sy:updateFrequency>
	<xhtml:meta xmlns:xhtml="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" name="robots" content="noindex" />
		<item>
		<title>Facettenpalast des Moskauer Kremls</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/facettenpalast-des-moskauer-kremls.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/facettenpalast-des-moskauer-kremls.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 17:12:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Moscow culture and art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moscow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/?p=305</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I m Zentrum des Moskauer Kremls, auf dem Kathedral-Platz, befindet sich der Facettenpalast, das älteste Denkmal der Moskauer Profanarchitektur.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="../moscow-culture-and-art/the-faceted-chamber-in-the-moscow-kremlin.html">You can view photos in this post</a>.</p>
<p>Er wurde in den Jahren 1487 bis 1491 als Thronsaal des Großfürstenpalastes errichtet und war für besonders wichtige offizielle Zeremonien bestimmt. Hier wurden die Thronfolger zu Zaren gekrönt, Siege über den Feind gefeiert, üppige Hochzeitsmahle und Empfänge für Gesandte veranstaltet.</p>
<p>Der Facettenpalast gehörte zum komplizierten Bauensemble des großfürstlichen Steinschlosses. Er wurde von den Baumeistern Marco und Pietro Antonio Solan errichtet.</p>
<p>Das strenge, kubische Gebäude ist zweigeschossig. Aus dem Sockelgeschoß führen keine Zugänge zum Obergeschoß. Der Überlieferung nach waren in ersterem Öfen untergebracht. Das Obergeschoß ist ein riesiger quadratischer Saal mit einer Fläche von 495 qm, seine Höhe beträgt neun Meter. Er ist von vier Kreuzgewölben überdacht, die sich auf einen Mittelpfeiler im Zentrum des Saales stützen.</p>
<p>Die aus Ziegeln errichteten Mauern sind mit Weißstein verkleidet. Die östliche Hauptfassade besteht aus facettierten, vierseitig abgeschrägten Kalksteinen, die vermutlich dem Facettenpalast seinen Namen gaben.</p>
<p>Heute gelangt der Besucher in den Facettenpalast durch die Innenräume des Großen Kremlpalastes. In alten Zeiten war der Haupteingang dem Kathedral-Platz zugewandt. Drei festlich geschmückte Treppen führten zu einem besonderen Podest, das den Namen Schöner Eingang trug. Von hier aus gelangte man durch ein Portal in den Heiligen Flur, der den Vorraum zum großen Saal bildete. Der Heilige Flur erhielt seinen Namen nach den Kompositionen zu Themen aus der Heiligen Schrift, mit denen dieser Flur geschmückt war. Die Außentreppen und der Schöne Eingang sind nicht erhalten geblieben. Der Heilige Flur wurde um die Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts umgebaut und erhielt einen neuen Dekor. Der einzige Eingang, der aus dem Heiligen Flur in den Thronsaal führt, hat von der Innenseite das alte geschnitzte Portal beibehalten. Reliefs schmücken den Mittelpfeiler, dessen Dekor in unserer Zeit rekonstruiert wurde.</p>
<p>Der Innenraum des Facettenpalastes ist farbenprächtig ausgemalt. Die ersten Fresken aus der Zeit des Zaren Fjodor Iwanowitsch wurden Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts ausgeführt und existierten bis zur zweiten Hälfte des 17. Jahrhunderts. 1672 erneuerte der berühmte Ikonenmaler Simon Uschakow die Malerei und stellte eine ausführliche Beschreibung der Sujets und deren Anordnung auf. Diese Fresken gibt es heute nicht mehr. Die gegenwärtig existierende Wandmalerei wurde 1882 von Meistern aus Palech unter Leitung von Beloussow und seinen zwei Söhnen ausgeführt. Sie richteten sich in ihrer Arbeit nach den Beschreibungen von Simon Uschakow. Die feierliche, wenn auch stilisierte Ausmalung gibt die Atmosphäre eines mittelalterlichen Festsaales wieder.</p>
<p>Die Sujets der Malerei entlehnten die Künstler der Bibel und russischen Geschichte. Die Themenwahl war durch das Bestreben bestimmt, die Idee der sinnvollen Harmonie des Universums auszudrücken und die Bedeutung des Russischen Reiches und seiner Herrscher zu unterstreichen. Der Facettenpalast steht unter ständiger Aufsicht der Restauratoren. Er gehört heute zum Ensemble des Großen Kremlpalastes, in dem sich der Sitz des Obersten Sowjets der UdSSR befindet. Das alte Bauwerk dient nach wie vor als Repräsentationsstätte und erregt die ständige Beachtung der Kremlbesucher.</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">N. Rostschina</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/facettenpalast-des-moskauer-kremls.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Le Palais à Facettes du Kremlin de Moscou</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/le-palais-a-facettes-du-kremlin-de-moscou.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/le-palais-a-facettes-du-kremlin-de-moscou.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 17:07:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Moscow culture and art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moscow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/?p=302</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Au centre du Kremlin de Moscou, sur la place des Cathédrales, se trouve le Palais à Facettes, l'un des plus anciens monuments de l'architecture civile de Moscou.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/the-faceted-chamber-in-the-moscow-kremlin.html">You can view photos in this post</a>.</p>
<p>Le Palais à Facettes fut édifié en 1487-1491. Il devait servir de grande salle du trône de la résidence du grand-prince; on y organisait aussi des cérémonies officielles : on y couronnait les héritiers du trône et fêtait les victoires militaires, c&#8217;est ici, enfin, qu&#8217;avaient lieu les mariages des tsars et les réceptions des ambassadeurs.</p>
<p>Le Palais à Facettes faisait partie de l&#8217;ensemble des bâtiments qui composaient le palais du monarque. Il fut construit par les architectes italiens Marco et Pietro Solari.</p>
<p>La rigueur de ses proportions et sa forme cubique prêtent au Palais à Facettes un caractère plein de noblesse. Du côté ouest, le palais était contigu à d&#8217;anciennes constructions qui aujourd&#8217;hui sont remplacées par le Grand Palais du Kremlin. Le Palais à Facettes a deux étages qui ne communiquent pas; selon d&#8217;anciens documents, à l&#8217;étage inférieur étaient aménagés des poêles pour le chauffage de l&#8217;édifice. L&#8217;étage supérieur abrite une grande salle carrée d&#8217;une superficie de 495 mètres carrés et haute de 9 mètres; elle est recouverte d&#8217;un système de quatre voûtes d&#8217;arêtes reposant sur un seul pilier se dressant au centre de la salle.</p>
<p>Ses murs sont en briques revêtues de pierre blanche; la façade principale orientée vers l&#8217;est porte un revêtement de pierres blanches taillées en pointes de diamants d&#8217;où provient le nom du palais.</p>
<p>A présent, le visiteur pénètre dans le Palais à Facettes en passant par les locaux de Grand Palais du Kremlin. A l&#8217;époque, l&#8217;entrée d&#8217;honneur du palais se trouvait du côté de la place des Cathédrales. Trois élégants escaliers menaient au Beau Porche orné d&#8217;un portail donnant sur le Vestibule Sacré qui servait d&#8217;antichambre au Palais à Facettes et dont le nom est dû aux fresques à sujets bibliques qui le décoraient. Les escaliers et le Beau Porche ne se sont pas conservés.</p>
<p>Les murs intérieurs du Palais à Facettes sont recouverts de peintures. Des fresques avaient été exécutées à la fin du seizième siècle, durant le règne de Feodor Ioannovitch; elles subsistèrent jusqu&#8217;à la seconde moitié du dix-septième siècle. En 1672, l&#8217;illustre peintre d&#8217;icônes Simon Ouchakov refit les fresques en ayant fait, au préalable, une description succincte, avec indications des sujets et leurs emplacements. Ces fresques ne nous sont pas parvenues. Les peintures que nous pouvons voir aujourd&#8217;hui furent exécutées en 1882 par des peintres de Palekh dirigés par Belooussov et ses deux fils. Ces artistes se soumirent fidèlement aux descriptions de Simon Ouchakov pour créer ce décor à la fois simple et solennel, quoique fortement stylisé, qui rend à merveille l&#8217;atmosphère d&#8217;une salle d&#8217;apparat médiévale. Les sujets des peintures sont tirés de la Bible et de l&#8217;histoire de Russie; leur choix était dicté par l&#8217;intention d&#8217;accroître l&#8217;importance de l&#8217;Etat russe et d&#8217;élever le prestige de ses monarques.</p>
<p>Le Palais à Facettes est confié aujourd&#8217;hui aux soins des restaurateurs. Ce merveilleux monument d&#8217;architecture attire immanquablement l&#8217;attention des visiteurs du Kremlin.</p>
<p>N. Rochtchina</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/le-palais-a-facettes-du-kremlin-de-moscou.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>The Faceted Chamber in the Moscow Kremlin</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/the-faceted-chamber-in-the-moscow-kremlin.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/the-faceted-chamber-in-the-moscow-kremlin.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 27 Aug 2010 16:56:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Moscow culture and art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[moscow]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/?p=300</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the very center of the Moscow Kremlin, in Cathedral Square, there stands the oldest surviving monument of the secular architecture of Moscow—the Faceted Chamber. ]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Put up in 1487—91 as the Throne Room of the Grand Prince&#8217;s palace, it was designated for the most important official ceremonies. Here in this hall heirs to the Russian throne were invested, military victories celebrated, royal weddings held and foreign ambassadors received.</p>
<p>The Faceted Chamber was one of the stone structures that formed the palace ensemble. It was built by the Italian architects Marco and Pietro Antonio Solari.</p>
<p>The architecture of the Faceted Chamber is striking in its monumental and lucid proportions. Its austere cubic volume is open to view from three sides. On the fourth, western side it used to adjoin some ancient structures that stood where the Great Kremlin Palace stands today.</p>
<p>The Chamber is two-storeyed. The lower, socle floor does not communicate with the upper. According to ancient records, the ground floor housed a big heating stove. The upper floor consists of a huge square hall 495 square meters in area and nine meters high. It is spanned by four groin vaults resting on a single pier in the middle of the hall.</p>
<p>The Chamber is built of brick and faced with white stone. On the main, eastern façade the stone blocks are hewn into four facets each, and it is apparently from this that the Chamber derives its name &#8220;Faceted&#8221;.</p>
<p>Nowadays the visitor enters the Faceted Chamber directly from the inner rooms of the Great Kremlin Palace. In old times the main entrance to the Chamber was from the side of Cathedral Square. Three staircases led to a special landing, the so-called Red Upper Porch. From here, through a portal in the porch&#8217;s side wall, there was an entryway into the Holy Antechamber. The name of the latter stemmed from the murals on biblical subjects that covered its walls. The staircases and the Red Upper Porch have not come down to our day. The Holy Antechamber was rebuilt and redecorated in the middle of the nineteenth century. The only passageway leading from here to the Faceted Chamber has a surviving carved portal on its inner side. The central pier was embellished with reliefs, completely restored in our time.</p>
<p>The walls and vaults of the Faceted Chamber are covered with murals. The original frescoes, executed in the late sixteenth century in the reign of Tsar Feodor Ioannovich, lasted only until the second half of the seventeenth century. In 1672 the famous icon painter Simon Ushakov renewed the murals and, moreover, compiled their detailed description, recording the subject matter and exact location of each. Ushakov&#8217;s frescoes have not survived. The currently existing painting was done in 1882 by Palekh masters working under the Belousov family, father and two sons. That was when Simon Ushakov&#8217;s descrip-tions were used to good effect. Magnificent and solemn, though somewhat stylized, these murals re-create the atmosphere of a gala medieval hall.</p>
<p>The subjects for the murals were taken from the Bible and from Russian history. The choice of themes was prompted by a desire to reflect the idea of rational harmony in the universe and to exalt the image of the Russian state and its rulers.</p>
<p>The Faceted Chamber is kept under permanent observation by restorers. Today it is attached to the complex of the Great Kremlin Palace, the seat of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The ancient Chamber lives on, invariably drawing the attention of visitors to the Kremlin.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/velikij-knyaz-vladimir-svyatoslavovich-s-synovyami.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-12-300x211.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 Vaults" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/pritcha-o-pravednom-i-nepravednom-sude-4.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-02-209x300.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 Interior. North-eastern side" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/pritcha-o-pravednom-i-nepravednom-sude-3.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-10-300x211.jpg" alt="The Patriarchs. Murai on the pendentive in the south-eastern corner of the Faceted Chamber. 1882" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/interer-yugo-vostochnaya-storona.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-05-300x214.jpg" alt="The Parable of the Just and Unjust Judges. Mural on the western wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. Detail La Parabole du bon juge et du juge inique. Peinture du mur ouest du Palais à Facettes. 1882. Détail" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/stolb-i-portal.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-04-300x212.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 Interior. South-eastern side" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/interer-severo-vostochnaya-storona.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-03-300x212.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 Central pier and portal" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/pritcha-o-pravednom-i-nepravednom-sude-2.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-06-300x213.jpg" alt="The Story of King David. Murai on the southern wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. Detail" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/svyatye-seni-yuzhnaya-storona.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-01-300x209.jpg" alt="The Parabïe of the Just and Unjust Judges. Mural on the western wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. Detail" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/istoriya-carya-davida.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-09-300x209.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 The Holy Antechamber. " /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/svody-granovitoj-palaty.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-11-300x216.jpg" alt="The Parable of the Just and Unjust Judges. Mural on the western wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. " /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/interer-granovitoj-palaty.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-13-300x216.jpg" alt="Grand Prince Vladimir Sviatoslavovich and His Sons. Mural on the eastern wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. Detail" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/istoriya-iosifa-prekrasnogo.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-14-211x300.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 Interior" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/praotcy.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-15-210x300.jpg" alt="The Story of Joseph. Mural on the northern wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. Detail" /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/pritcha-o-pravednom-i-nepravednom-sude.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-16-212x300.jpg" alt="The Parable of the Just and Unjust Judges. Mural on the western wall of the Faceted Chamber. 1882. " /></a></p>
<p><a href="http://www.flatproject.ru/design/kremlin/svyatye-seni-severnaya-storona.html"><img src="http://www.flatproject.ru/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/kremlin-17-300x215.jpg" alt="The Faceted Chamber of the Moscow Kremlin. 1487—91 The Holy Antechamber. Northern side" /></a></p>
<p>N. Roshchina</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/moscow-culture-and-art/the-faceted-chamber-in-the-moscow-kremlin.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>History of the Novgorod</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/history-of-the-novgorod.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/history-of-the-novgorod.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:58:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cathedral]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[church]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[monastery]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[stead]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tower]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/history-of-the-novgorod.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Early Russia's foremost cultural and art centre, Novgorod was first mentioned in a scripture in 859. For the many centuries ever since Novgorod produced a large artistic school and preserved numberless monuments of the 11th-17th-century architecture, along with artistically outstanding works of early monumental painting. Novgorod remained unconquered throughout the hard times of Tartar invasion, so that its cultural monuments and artistic traditions survived until to-day. This explains the city's special significance in Russian art.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Grandeur and huge dimensions are typical of the architecture of the princely period, its greatest achievements being the most ancient structure in Northern Russia, St Sophia of Novgorod (1045-1052), the city&#8217;s principal cathedral, as well as the Cathedral of St Nicholas on the Yaroslavovo Dvo-rische [Stead] (1113), the Cathedral of the Nativity of the Virgin (1117) in the Antoniev Monastery and the Cathedral of St George in the Knyazhy Yuriev Monastery (1119); they are perfectly characteristic examples of the early Novgorod School in architecture.</p>
<p>Since the dawn of the 12th century and up to 1478 in which year it joined Moscow, Novgorod remained a Vetche Medieval Republic (governed by popular assembly), its architecture unusually rich in outstanding architectural monuments. Although less representative in their design of the</p>
<p>Novgorod style, the cathedrals of St Nicholas on the Lipna (1292), of the Dormition on the Volotovo Field (1352), of the Nativity in the Perynsky Hermitage (late 12th-early 13th century) marked the milestones of progress in creative architectural thinking of those architects whose credo, expressive and magnificent, was made clear in these works.</p>
<p>Full of intimacy and a special charm, these monuments constituted a significant stage in the shaping out of the classical Novgorod temple style dating back to the period of blossoming of architecture in the Vetche Novgorod Republic. The Cathedral of St Theodore Stratilates-on-Ruchei, an earlier but perfect example of this temple style, was an embodiment of the achievements of earlier Novgorod architects and a model for many later temples, each of them showing some individual architectural characteristics. Of the latter cathedrals the Cathedral of the Transfiguration on Ilyina Street (1374), with its unique frescoes executed by Theophanes the Greek, stands out for the fine decor of its facades.</p>
<p>The Novgorod period in art, with its monumental architecture and 11th-16th-century painting, was an important development in All-European culture, whose national idiom was dazzling, and the imagery superb in terms of being laconic, expressive and artistically complete.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/history-of-the-novgorod.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Kremlin-citadel. Belfry of St Sophia Cathedral</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-belfry-of-st-sophia-cathedral.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-belfry-of-st-sophia-cathedral.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:11:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/kremlin-citadel-belfry-of-st-sophia-cathedral.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. Kremlin-citadel. Belfry of St Sophia Cathedral (1437, rebuilt in the 16th and 17th  centuries). General view from the West]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/34_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/34_resize-300x207.jpg" alt="Kremlin-citadel. Belfry of St Sophia Cathedral" title="34_resize" width="300" height="207" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-198" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-belfry-of-st-sophia-cathedral.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Entrance arch of the kremlin</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/entrance-arch-of-the-kremlin.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/entrance-arch-of-the-kremlin.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:09:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/entrance-arch-of-the-kremlin.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. Entrance arch of the kremlin (built in 1820 on the site of the Voskresenskaya (Resurrection) Tower pulled down late in the 17th century). View from the kremlin, from the East]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/35_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/35_resize-300x221.jpg" alt="Entrance arch of the kremlin" title="35_resize" width="300" height="221" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-197" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/entrance-arch-of-the-kremlin.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Kremlin towers and the Volkhov River</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-towers-and-the-volkhov-river.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-towers-and-the-volkhov-river.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:08:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[tower]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/kremlin-towers-and-the-volkhov-river.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. Kremlin towers and the Volkhov River.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/36_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/36_resize-300x202.jpg" alt="Kremlin towers and the Volkhov River" title="36_resize" width="300" height="202" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-196" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-towers-and-the-volkhov-river.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>View of the kremlin through the arch of the former Gostiny Dvor</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-through-the-arch-of-the-former-gostiny-dvor.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-through-the-arch-of-the-former-gostiny-dvor.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:06:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/view-of-the-kremlin-through-the-arch-of-the-former-gostiny-dvor.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. The Torgovaya Storona. View of the kremlin through the arch of the former Gostiny Dvor]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/37_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/37_resize-300x204.jpg" alt="View of the kremlin through the arch of the former Gostiny Dvor" title="37_resize" width="300" height="204" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-195" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-through-the-arch-of-the-former-gostiny-dvor.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>View of the kremlin wall from the Volkhov River</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-wall-from-the-volkhov-river.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-wall-from-the-volkhov-river.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 07:02:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/view-of-the-kremlin-wall-from-the-volkhov-river.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. Kremlin-citadel. View of the kremlin wall from the Volkhov River]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/38_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/38_resize-300x210.jpg" alt="View of the kremlin wall from the Volkhov River" title="38_resize" width="300" height="210" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-194" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/view-of-the-kremlin-wall-from-the-volkhov-river.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Kremlin-citadel. Vladychny Dvor.</title>
		<link>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-vladychny-dvor.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-vladychny-dvor.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2007 06:53:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Novgorod - monuments of ancient architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[kremlin]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/news/kremlin-citadel-vladychny-dvor.html</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Novgorod. Kremlin-citadel. Vladychny Dvor. Clock Tower of St Euthymus (1443; upper section rebuilt in 1673) with the overgate Church of St Sergius of Radonezh (1463, 1459). General view from the North]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/41_resize.jpg"><img src="http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/images/2008/12/41_resize-217x300.jpg" alt="Kremlin-citadel. Vladychny Dvor." title="41_resize" width="217" height="300" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-191" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.petersburg-bridges.com/novgorod/kremlin-citadel-vladychny-dvor.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
	</channel>
</rss>
